Abstract
Early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC), characterized by diagnosis before the age
of 50 years, has emerged as a significant healthcare challenge with increasing global
incidence. While traditional risk factors such as family history and inherited syndromes
contribute to EO-CRC, a substantial proportion of cases remain sporadic, necessitating
further investigation into additional etiological factors. Molecular studies reveal
heterogeneity in EO-CRC, with distinct mutational profiles compared to late-onset
CRC. Clinical management presents unique considerations, including challenges in early
detection and treatment strategies tailored to younger patients. Addressing EO-CRC
requires a multidisciplinary approach integrating epidemiological, molecular, and
clinical insights to improve prevention, diagnosis, and therapeutic outcomes. Emerging
research avenues explore novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets, offering promise
for advancing understanding and management of this disease in contemporary oncology
practice.
Keywords
colon cancer - rectal cancer - early-onset cancer
